Mapping

Key Exam Oriented Topics — India & World Mapping
1

India-Specific Mapping

1.1 Physical Features

Major mountain ranges (Himalayas, Western & Eastern Ghats), peaks, passes, glaciers; major rivers (Ganga, Brahmaputra, Godavari, Krishna) along with their tributaries; plains, plateaus, deserts, and coastal features.

1.2 Political Boundaries

States and Union Territories with capitals; international boundaries with neighbouring countries such as Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar.

1.3 Environment & Biodiversity

Locations of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Tiger Reserves, Biosphere Reserves, and Ramsar Wetland Sites.

1.4 Economic Geography

Distribution of minerals, energy resources, major ports, industrial corridors, and key power plants (hydroelectric, thermal, nuclear).

1.5 Infrastructure

Major national highways, rail networks, international airports, seaports, inland waterways, and strategic transport routes.

2

World Mapping

2.1 Physical Features

Major mountain ranges (Andes, Rockies, Alps), deserts (Sahara, Gobi, Kalahari), plains (Great Plains, Pampas), and major rivers (Amazon, Nile, Yangtze, Mississippi).

2.2 Water Bodies

Important seas (Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Red Sea, South China Sea), gulfs, key straits (Malacca, Hormuz, Gibraltar), and important canals (Suez, Panama).

2.3 Political Boundaries

Countries and capitals; geopolitically sensitive regions such as Middle East, South Asia, Eastern Europe; conflict-prone border regions.

2.4 Latitudes & Longitudes

Countries through which the Equator, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn pass; grid locations; International Date Line crossings.